Tensions between France and Algeria intensify after a series of measures announced by Paris concerning visas and expulsions. Algiers denounced unjustified pressure and threatened reciprocal measures, while the question of the 1968 agreements on the presence of Algerians in France was called into question.
Relations between Paris and Algiers have reached a boiling point. Recent statements from the French government have reignited tensions, particularly regarding visas, expulsions, and the 1968 agreements that govern the presence of Algerians in France. In response, Algeria has condemned the mounting pressure and vowed to implement reciprocal measures.
The Escalation
The situation took a sharp turn last Wednesday when French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot announced that France would tighten visa requirements for certain Algerian “dignitaries.” He explained that the move was a direct consequence of Algeria’s refusal to repatriate several of its nationals who had been ordered to leave French territory (OLFT). Barrot also condemned the detention of Franco-Algerian writer Boualem Sansal in Algeria, calling it “unacceptable.”
The following day, French Prime Minister François Bayrou reinforced this stance by stating that Paris would push Algerian authorities to reevaluate the migration agreements between the two countries. Bayrou suggested that the 1968 accords, which grant Algerians special status in France, could be overhauled within a four-to-six-week review period. He also mentioned the possibility of sending Algeria a list of individuals prioritized for expulsion.
These announcements followed last week’s knife attack in Mulhouse, which has intensified the debate. The assailant, a 37-year-old Algerian under an OLFT, killed one man and injured several others, with media reports citing between 5 and 7 wounded. This incident has increased pressure on the French government to address expulsions and resolve the administrative hurdles preventing their execution.
Algeria’s Firm Response
Algeria was swift in its response. In an official statement, the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed “surprise” and “incomprehension” over France's announced restrictions. The ministry emphasized that these measures “had not been officially communicated, violating the stipulations of Article 8 of the bilateral agreements.”
It also condemned a series of “provocations” and “intimidations,” accusing the French political class of yielding to far-right pressure. Algeria reaffirmed its commitment to protecting its citizens abroad and rejected any form of “blackmail” from Paris.
On Thursday, Algeria issued another statement, directly addressing Bayrou’s remarks. The country clarified that it had never sought to sever diplomatic ties but rejected any “ultimatums” or “threats.” It warned that if France were to challenge the 1968 accords, Algeria would consider revising other bilateral commitments and impose immediate reciprocal measures.
What Do the 1968 Agreements Stipulate?
The 1968 Franco-Algerian agreements, signed six years after Algeria’s independence, established a specific framework for Algerians wishing to reside and work in France. These agreements granted a one-year renewable residence permit, and after three years of legal residence, individuals could apply for a ten-year residency card. They also facilitated family reunification.
Revised several times in 1985, 1994 and 2001, these agreements remain a unique exception in the French immigration landscape. They are frequently criticized by some political figures who argue that they grant Algerians a preferential status.
Since 2001, the Algerian diaspora in France has been excluded from recent immigration reforms, placing them at a disadvantage in certain areas. For instance, Algerian nationals are ineligible for benefits such as talent passports, multi-year residence permits or regularization through employment, even if they work in sectors facing labor shortages or meet humanitarian criteria.
The growing tensions between Paris and Algiers unfold within the broader context of immigration being a critical issue in France’s political discourse. While France (the Hexagon) seeks to tighten its immigration policies, Algeria remains steadfast, refusing to bow to pressure. Should the standoff persist, a revision of the agreements could be considered, potentially shifting the balance of power in line with the negotiations and strategic interests of both nations.
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