Third Kidney Xenotransplant: A Hopeful Yet Monitored Step
Pigs are seen in temporary cages as they wait for embryo implementation from genetically altered pigs, at Revivicor Research farm in Blacksburg, Virginia, on November 20, 2024. ©Andrew Caballero-Reynolds / AFP

An experimental genetically modified pig kidney transplant represents a significant step forward in tackling the organ shortage crisis. While it holds promise for treating chronic kidney failure, the long-term viability and broader implications of this procedure remain uncertain.

Towana Looney, a 53-year-old American, became the third living person to receive an experimental genetically modified pig kidney transplant. The procedure, performed in late November at NYU Langone Hospital in New York, marks an important step in xenotransplantation aimed at addressing the chronic shortage of human organ donors. Ms. Looney, who has been under close medical surveillance since the operation, expressed her gratitude during a press conference for this opportunity, which significantly improves her quality of life. Previously, the patient had been on dialysis for eight years following complications during a pregnancy that impaired the function of her only remaining kidney. Despite being on the transplant list since 2017, no compatible donor had been found. The progressive deterioration of her medical condition led to the approval of a transplant using a genetically modified pig kidney.

Normal Indicators

The genetic modifications made to the transplanted organ, including ten changes to the pig DNA, were designed to optimize biological compatibility and reduce the risk of immediate immune rejection. Additionally, a new pharmacological strategy was tested to modulate the recipient’s immune response. Three weeks after the procedure, Ms. Looney’s kidney function indicators are considered “normal,” according to surgeon Robert Montgomery, leader of the medical team.This intervention is part of a series of recent experimental xenotransplants in the United States. In 2023, two other patients with terminal illnesses received similar transplants in Boston and New York, but these recipients had less favorable overall health and passed away a few weeks after the procedure.

Genomic Editing

Pig transplantation opens new possibilities for patients with chronic kidney failure. In the United States, more than 90,000 patients are on the kidney transplant waiting list, and around 14 people die daily due to the lack of available organs. According to the National Kidney Foundation, patients have expressed strong interest in accelerated access to these clinical trials, motivated by the physical and psychological burden of dialysis. Recent advances in genomic editing and immune response management suggest more promising long-term outcomes. Future research will aim to extend the functional lifespan of transplanted organs, particularly in recipients with better overall health.

Future Clinical Trials

Meanwhile, Revivicor, the company supplying the genetically modified organs, plans to submit an application to U.S. authorities for the launch of larger-scale clinical trials in 2025. The goal is to refine transplantation techniques and further reduce post-operative complications. This breakthrough highlights once again the growing potential of xenotransplantation to meet unmet medical needs. The NYU Langone team remains optimistic about eventually offering a sustainable and accessible solution to thousands of patients suffering from terminal kidney diseases.

With AFP

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